Advanced Pharmacology Practice practice questions

Question 1

Patient Background: Mary, a 50-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes, presents to the clinic with symptoms of hypoglycemia. She reports feeling shaky, sweating profusely, and experiencing confusion. Mary is concerned about her symptoms and seeks guidance on managing her hypoglycemia. Medical History: Type 2 diabetes…

Accepted Answer

Check blood glucose level, consume 15 grams of carbohydrate, wait 15 minutes, and retest.

Answer

Administer an intramuscular injection of glucagon to rapidly raise blood sugar levels.

Answer

Consume a high-protein snack to stabilize blood sugar levels.

Answer

Wait for the symptoms to resolve on their own without intervention.

Question 2

Case Study Exam Question: James, a 58-year-old male with a 10-year history of type 2 diabetes, presents to the clinic for routine follow-up. He has a history of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Recent laboratory results indicate the presence of albuminuria. His current blood pressure reading is 145/92 mm Hg.…

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure goal of less than 130/80 mm Hg and initiate an ACE inhibitor or ARB.

Answer

Blood pressure goal of less than 140/90 mm Hg and initiate a calcium channel blocker.

Answer

Blood pressure goal of less than 140/90 mm Hg and initiate a beta-blocker.

Answer

Blood pressure goal of less than 130/80 mm Hg and initiate a thiazide-like diuretic.

Question 3

Case Study Exam Question: You are managing a 58-year-old male patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who is currently not meeting his glycemic targets. His most recent hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is 8.5%. He has a history of hypertension and is overweight but has no history of diabetic ketoacidosis. He is currently…

Accepted Answer

SGLT2 inhibitors can be used as an add-on to metformin to help reduce A1c by 0.5% to 1%.

Answer

SGLT2 inhibitors are only effective as monotherapy and should not be combined with metformin.

Answer

SGLT2 inhibitors should not be used in patients with a history of hypertension and overweight due to increased risk of cardiovascular events.

Answer

SGLT2 inhibitors primarily work by increasing insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.

Question 4

Under the former FDA pregnancy letter system (superseded by the Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule), Please choose the best definition for drugs which are considered pregnancy category "X" by the FDA

Accepted Answer

There is definite fetal risk based on studies in animals or humans or based on human experience and the risk clearly outweighs any benefit in pregnant women

Answer

Studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities and/or there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience,…

Answer

Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women or animal studies have indicated fetal risk, but…

Answer

Adequate and well-controlled studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy (and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters) and the possibility of…

Answer

Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant…

Question 5

Mrs. Johnson, a 52-year-old woman, presents to her nurse practitioner for a consultation regarding menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). She has a history of hypertension and occasional migraines but is otherwise healthy. She is interested in MHT to alleviate her menopausal symptoms but is concerned about potential…

Accepted Answer

Assessment of personal or family history of breast cancer

Answer

Inquire about previous hormone therapy use

Answer

Screening for osteoporosis

Answer

Review of lipid profile

Question 6

CY is a 27 year old woman who has been taking fluoxetine (Prozac) for several years. This was the first and only antidepressant medication she's been on. Lately she has been feeling "off" again, and comes to your clinic asking what she should do with her medication. She is also unhappy with the loss of libido and…

Accepted Answer

Stop fluoxetine (Prozac) and start bupropion (Wellbutrin)

Answer

Stop fluoxetine (Prozac) and start paroxetine (Paxil)

Answer

Add alprazolam (Xanax)

Answer

Add paroxetine (Paxil)

Question 7

A 55-year-old male patient presents to your clinic complaining of erectile dysfunction. Upon further assessment, he reports occasional difficulty achieving and maintaining an erection, particularly during sexual activity with his partner. He has a past medical history significant for hypertension and dyslipidemia,…

Accepted Answer

Sildenafil (Viagra®)

Answer

Finasteride (Proscar®)

Answer

Alprostadil (MUSE®)

Answer

Doxazosin (Cardura®)

Question 8

Patient Background: James, a 68-year-old male, has been taking aspirin daily for cardioprotection due to his history of coronary artery disease. He has recently been diagnosed with osteoarthritis and his doctor recommends starting NSAID therapy (e.g. Naproxen (Aleve®) to manage his joint pain. James has a past…

Accepted Answer

Begin treatment with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) at standard doses

Answer

Begin treatment with aggressive antacid therapy such as with Magnesium Hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia®)

Answer

Start an H2 receptor antagonist for gastric protection.

Answer

Prescribe a COX-2 selective inhibitor (e.g., Celebrex®) instead of traditional NSAIDs despite the associated cardiovascular risk

Question 9

KF is a 73 year old woman with a complicated medical history including migraine, osteoporosis (with history of fracture), hypertension and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (for which she has had multiple recent exacerbations requiring hospitalization). She also has diabetes and is on a regimen consisting…

Accepted Answer

Stop pioglitazone (Actos)

Answer

Stop the repaglinide (Prandin)

Answer

Start Metformin (Glucophage)

Answer

Add bromocriptine

Question 10

On your way to this examination, you experience the vulnerable feeling that an attack of acute diarrhea is imminent! If you stop at a drug store, which of the following anti-diarrheal drugs could you buy without a prescription even though it is chemically related to the strong opioid analgesic meperidine (but acts…

Accepted Answer

Loperamide (Imodium®)

Answer

Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol®)

Answer

Docusate sodium (Colace®)

Answer

Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia®)

Advanced Pharmacology Practice practice questions

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Advanced Pharmacology Practice practice questions

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